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Compare Monaco (2001) - Holy See (Vatican City) (2002)
Compare Monaco (2001) z Holy See (Vatican City) (2002)
| Monaco (2001) | Holy See (Vatican City) (2002) | |
 | -2002-bmala.jpg) | |
| Administrative divisions | none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo | none |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
15.32% (male 2,503; female 2,375) 15-64 years: 62.23% (male 9,731; female 10,083) 65 years and over: 22.45% (male 2,921; female 4,229) (2001 est.) |
- |
| Agriculture - products | none | - |
| Airports | linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service | none (2001) |
| Area | total:
1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 0.44 sq km
land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Background | Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. | Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include the failing health of Pope John Paul II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith. |
| Birth rate | 9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Budget | revenues:
$518 million expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995) |
revenues: $209.6 million
expenditures: $198.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997) |
| Capital | Monaco | Vatican City |
| Climate | Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers | temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) |
| Coastline | 4.1 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | 17 December 1962 | Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco |
conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)
conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano) |
| Currency | French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) | euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL) |
| Death rate | 13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Debt - external | $NA | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco | chief of mission: Ambassador R. James "Jim" NICHOLSON
embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00162 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box F, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 5758346 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO
chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036 |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | none |
| Economy - overview | Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. | This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | NA kWh |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France (1999) |
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
lowest point: unnamed location 19 m
highest point: unnamed location 75 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification |
| Ethnic groups | French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% | Italians, Swiss, other |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) | euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Vatican lire per US dollar - 2,099 (2000), 1817.2 (1999), 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997); note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira; the Vatican started using euros in 2002 in conjunction with Italy at a fixed rate of 1,936.17 lire per euro |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958) head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERQUE (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope |
| Exports | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red | two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
- |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 43 44 N, 7 24 E | 41 54 N, 12 27 E |
| Geography - note | second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban | urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights |
| Heliports | 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) | 1 (2002) |
| Highways | total:
50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
none; all city streets |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy |
| Independence | 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) | 11 February 1929 (from Italy)
note: on 11 February 1929, three treaties were signed with Italy which, among other things, recognized the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | - |
| Industries | tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products | printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities |
| Infant mortality rate | 5.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | - |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | - |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO | CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WHO (observer), WIPO, WToO (observer), WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | NA |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 0 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) | there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius XII on 1 May 1946 |
| Labor force | 30,540 (January 1994) | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican |
| Land boundaries | total:
4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km |
total: 3.2 km
border countries: Italy 3.2 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (urban area) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.) |
| Languages | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages |
| Legal system | based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | based on canon law and revisions to it |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Council or Conseil National (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1 and 8 February 1998 (next to be held NA January 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UND 18 |
unicameral Pontifical Commission |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
78.98 years male: 75.04 years female: 83.12 years (2001 est.) |
- |
| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition: NA
total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy | Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) |
| Map references | Europe | Europe |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea:
12 NM |
none (landlocked) |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | - |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of France | defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope |
| Military branches | - | Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera) |
| National holiday | National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November | Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978) |
| Nationality | noun:
Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
noun: none
adjective: none |
| Natural hazards | NA | NA |
| Natural resources | none | none |
| Net migration rate | 7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | National and Democratic Union or UND [leader NA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family [leader NA] | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers) |
| Population | 31,842 (July 2001 est.) | 900 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.46% (2001 est.) | 1.15% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Monaco | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) | AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998) |
| Radios | 34,000 (1997) | NA |
| Railways | total:
1.7 km standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge |
total: 0.86 km
standard gauge: 0.86 km 1.435-m gauge note: a spur of the Italian Railways system, serving Rome's Saint Peter's station (2001 est.) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 90% | Roman Catholic |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
- |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | limited to cardinals less than 80 years old |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
general assessment: automatic exchange
domestic: tied into Italian system international: uses Italian system |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 31,027 (1995) | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | 5 (1998) | 1 (1996) |
| Terrain | hilly, rugged, rocky | low hill |
| Total fertility rate | 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.) | - |
| Unemployment rate | 3.1% (1998) | - |
| Waterways | none | none |
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